V. Funding the Radical Right
    The following is a compilation of Pennsylvania foundations that have provided funding to many organizations profiled in this monograph. Although we have included information about only a few years, many foundations provide support to these organizations on an on-going basis.
    Information including addresses and phone numbers, assets and types of activities funded was found in the 1990 and 1995 editions of the Directory of Pennsylvania Foundations, S. Damon Kletzien, editor, published by Triadvocates Press, Springfield, Pennsylvania, and from the 1993 Update and Supplement to that publication. Additional data was garnered from the foundations' annual reports and Internal Revenue Service Form 990-PF, which foundations are required by law to file annually. The Directory of Pennsylvania Foundations also used Form 990-PF, as well as extensive communications with virtually all profiled foundations, to acquire and verify the information provided in the directory.
    The fiscal year in which the gift was made is indicated to the right of the gift amount, followed by the source of our information, indicated by the following symbols:
    @    indicates the Directory of Pennsylvania Foundations, followed by the year of publication
    #     indicates Internal Revenue Service Form 990-PF
    &     indicates the foundation annual report

The (Arthur S.) DeMoss Foundation
    According to the Directory of Pennsylvania Foundations, the DeMoss Foundation limits grants to "Christian, evangelical programs/projects that are evangelistic and discipling in nature, and are awarded, primarily internationally, and nationally."
    In 1986, Ted DeMoss was one of the original signers of A Manifesto for the Christian Church, initiated by the Coalition on Revival. The Coalition on Revival was founded in 1984 by Jay Grimstead as a network of evangelical and charismatic religious leaders. Signers of the Manifesto pledge "to bring society's judicial and legal systems into as close an approximation to the laws and commandments of the Bible as citizens will allow." Others who signed the manifesto include R.J. Rushdoony, Colonel Doner, Tim LaHaye, Robert Simmonds and Donald Wildmon.204
Address: Suite A300, 150 Radnor-Chester Rd., St. Davids, PA 19087
Phone: 610-902-2900
Assets: $419,208,327 (Fiscal Year End 12/91)
Officers:Nancy S. DeMoss, Chair and CEO; Robert G. DeMoss, President; Theodore G. DeMoss, Secretary and Treasurer; Charlotte DeMoss; Deborah L. DeMoss; Nancy Leigh DeMoss; R. Mark DeMoss
Grant Making
Campus Crusade for Christ
        $2,174,657 12/87, @1990
        $4,206,246 12/91, @1995
        $442,888 1992, #
        $1,184,050 1992, #
        (Approved for future payment)
Americans United for Life
        $1,485,000 12/91, @1995
        $1,053,840 1992, #
Free Congress Foundation
        $175,000 1992, #
Life Action Ministries
        $117,110 12/91, @1995
Pro-Life Project (West Chester, PA)
        $500 12/87, @1990

MCKENNA FOUNDATIONS
(Philip M.) McKenna Foundation
Address: P.O. Box 186, Latrobe, PA 15650
Phone: 412-537-6900
Assets: $14,406,439 (Fiscal Year End 12/92)
Officers: Alex G. McKenna, Chairman; Donald C. McKenna, Vice-Chairman; Richard M. Larry; T. William Boxx, Secretary and Treasurer; Norbert J. Pail
Grant Making:
Commonwealth Foundation
        $50,000 12/89, @1990
        $92,500 1992, # : $85,000 General support,$7,500 Conference
Free Congress Foundation
        $15,000 12/89, @1990
        $20,000 1992, # : $10,000 Kreible Institute $10,000 NET Program
Heritage Foundation
        $45,000 12/89, @1990
        $80,000 1992, # Support for McKenna Fellow in Regulatory and Business Affairs
Landmark Legal Foundation
        $10,000 1992, #
Pennsylvania Family Institute
        $7,000 1992, # Voter Education Guide
        $7,000 1994, & Voter Education Guide

(Katherine Mabis) McKenna Foundation, Inc.
Address: P.O. Box 186, Latrobe, PA 15650
Phone: 412-537-6900
Assets: $20,308,220
Officers: Alex G. McKenna, Chairman and Director; T. William Boxx, Treasurer; Wilma F. McKenna; Linda McKenna Boxx, Secretary; Zan McKenna Rich
Grant Making:
Commonwealth Foundation
        $25,000 12/89, @1990
Heritage Foundation
        $25,000 12/89, @1990

The Kennametal Foundation
Address: c/o Kennametal, Inc., P.O. Box 231, Latrobe, PA 15650
Phone: 412-539-5423
Assets: $1,094,850 (Fiscal Year End 6/93)
Officers: Robert McGeehan Richard Gibson; James Heaton; H. Patrick Mahanes; Quentin C. McKenna
Grant Making:
Commonwealth Foundation
        $5,000 6/89, @1990
        $11,000 6/93, @1995

SCAIFE FOUNDATIONS
    Richard M. (Mellon) Scaife is a multi-millionaire listed in Who's Wealthy in America (a directory of the 50,000 wealthiest Americans) and publisher of the Greensburg Tribune-Review.205 Though he disputes it, Scaife's estimated worth is $800 million. The three foundations he controls, The Sarah Mellon Scaife, Carthage and Allegheny, give approximately $400,000 per week - predominately to radical right organizations.206 Scaife provides ongoing support to several powerful individuals and organizations: Newt Gingrich, Heritage Foundation, former Secretary of Education William "Bill" Bennett, Free Congress Foundation, and Landmark Legal Foundation.
    According to Newt Gingrich, "Dick Scaife is a remarkable citizen," who "has spent many years as a key force in sustaining conservative ideas." Gingrich even credits Scaife with being one of the people who "really created modern conservatism." According to Thomas Ferguson, political-science professor at the University of Massachusetts and an expert on political and ideological financing, "He's [Scaife] had as much to do with the Gingrich revolution as Gingrich himself."207 Scaife Foundation board member Edwin J. Feulner, Jr. has been appointed by Sen. Bob Dole and Rep. Newt Gingrich as Vice-chair of the National Commission on Economic Growth and Tax Reform.208

The (Sarah Mellon) Scaife Foundation
Address: 525 William Penn Place, Suite 3900, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: 412-392-2900
Assets: $212,232,888 (Fiscal Year End 12/92)
Officers: Richard M. Scaife, Chairman; Richard M. Larry, President; Barbara L. Slaney, Vice-President; Donald C. Sipp; T. Kenneth Cribb, Jr.; Edwin J. Feulner, Jr.; Allan H. Meltzer; William J. Bennett; Richard W. Carlson; James M. Walton; Anthony J.A. Bryan
Grant Making:
Heritage Foundation
        $900,000 12/89, @1990
        $1,500,000 1992, # :General operating and program support: $750,000 paid in 1992, $750,000 reported as payable
Free Congress Foundation
        $597,000 1992, # Special projects support
Commonwealth Foundation
        $105,000 12/89, @1990
        $101,000 1992, # General operating support - $75,000 paid in 1992, $26,000 reported as payable
Landmark Legal Foundation
        $100,000 1992, # General operating support - $50,000 paid in 1992, $50,000 reported as payable

Scaife Family Foundation
    According to the Directory of Pennsylvania Foundations, the Scaife Family Foundation gives priority "to programs which address the well-being of the family and its members, and that enhance traditional values."
Address: 525 William Penn Place, Suite 3900, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: 412-392-2900
Assets: $120,016,859 (Fiscal Year End 12/93)
Officers: Sanford B. Ferguson, Esq. President; Joanne B. Beyer, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer; David N. Scaife, Co-Chairman; Jennie K. Scaife, Co-Chairman; J. Nicholas Beldecos; James W. Walton; Joseph C. Walton; Donald A. Collins
Grant Making:
Free Congress Foundation
        $300,000 1992, #
        $100,000 12/93, @1995 Grant approved in 1993
Heritage Foundation
        $202,640 1992, #
        $150,000 12/93, @1995 Grant approved in 1993
Empowerment Network Foundation
        $50,000 12/93, @1995

Allegheny Foundation
Address: 525 William Penn Place, Suite 3900, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: 412-392-2900
Assets: $27,633,176 (Fiscal Year End 12/92)
Officers: JoAnne B. Beyer, President; Richard M. Scaife, Chair; Peter B. Bell; Ralph H. Goettler; George Weymouth; Nathan J. Stark; Margaret D. Scaife; Doris O'Donnell; Arthur P. Ziegler; Arthur Ziegler, Jr.; Donald Sipp
Grant Making:
Free Congress Foundation
        $44,000 12/88, @1990

The Carthage Foundation
Address: 525 William Penn Place, Suite 3900, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Phone: 412-392-2900
Assets: $11,937,861 (Fiscal Year End 12/92)
Officers: Richard M. Larry, Contact and Treasurer; Richard M. Scaife, Chair;
George R. McCullough, Vice-Chair; R. Daniel McMichael, Secretary
Grant Making:
Free Congress Foundation
        $400,000 12/89, @1990
        $775,000 12/92, @1995
Heritage Foundation
        $150,000 12/89, @1990
        $75,000 12/92, @1995

VI. Who's Who

An alphabetical listing of some of the persons named in this report and their orgainizational conections. Names of Pennsylvania residents are italicized.

Ahmanson, Howard F. Member, Council for National Policy; major financial supporter and board member, Chalcedon; helped found The Rutherford Institute; major donor to Free Congress Foundation; estimated giving to radical right organizations is over $4 million; Fieldstead Foundation; Fieldstead and Co.
Barton, David Director, WallBuilders, Inc. (Aledo, TX); frequent speaker at Christian Coalition gatherings, Road to Victory conferences, and Concerned Women for America conferences; has also spoken to Identity groups; featured speaker at 1994 Pennsylvania Commonwealth Prayer Breakfast
Bennett, William Former U.S. Secretary of Education; member, Council for National Policy; board chair, National Empowerment Television (part of Free Congress Foundation); officer, The (Sarah Mellon) Scaife Foundation; board member, Madison Center for Educational Affairs; speaker, Road to Victory conferences; speaker, 1989 Conservative Leadership Conference sponsored by Free Congress Foundation and National Right to Life Committee
Beyer, Joanne B. Board member, The Commonwealth Foundation; Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer, Scaife Family Foundation; President, Allegheny Foundation
Boxx, T. William Secretary and Treasurer, The Commonwealth Foundation; Secretary and Treasurer, (Philip M.) McKenna Foundation; Treasurer, (Katherine Mabis) McKenna Foundation
Casey, Robert P. Former Governor of Pennsylvania (1986-1994); 1994 recipient, Christian Coalition Catholic Layman's Award; speaker, 1994 and 1995 Christian Coalition Road to Victory conferences; award recipient, National Right to Life Committee
Clymer, James N. Member, Council for National Policy; has worked with The Rutherford Institute and American Family Association Law Center "in a variety of cases dealing with constitutional religious liberty issues"; Eastern States Chairman, U.S. Taxpayers Party; Past President, Religious Roundtable of Pennsylvania; Chairman, Pennsylvania Taxpayers Alliance; founder, United Pennsylvanians PAC and Voters for Accountable Representation PAC; 1992 Libertarian Candidate for Pennsylvania Auditor General; 1994 Constitutional Candidate for Lt. Governor; Senior partner, Clymer and James, P.C.
Considine, Michael J., Jr. Vice-President, The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania; private practice attorney in West Chester, Pennsylvania; represented Operation Rescue in a lawsuit involving Planned Parenthood of Chester County, 1988
Cribb, T. Kenneth Jr. President, Intercollegiate Studies Institute; Member, Council for National Policy; officer, The (Sarah Mellon) Scaife Foundation
Cruel, Debra Board member, Pennsylvania Family Institute; speaker, 1994 Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation Conference; 1994 Republican candidate for Pennsylvania House of Representatives 103rd district; former Director, Landmark Legal Foundation
DeMoss, Nancy S. Chair and CEO, The (Arthur S.) DeMoss Foundation; member, Council for National Policy; named one of top fifteen lifetime donors to Free Congress Foundation ($235,000+)
DeMoss, R. Mark Officer, The (Arthur S.) DeMoss Foundation; longtime spokesman for Rev. Jerry Falwell
DeMoss, Robert President, The (Arthur S.) DeMoss Foundation; Youth Culture Specialist, Focus on the Family; author of Learn to Discern, available through Pennsylvania Family Institute
Eberly, Donald "Don" President, The Commonwealth Foundation; member, Council for National Policy; former Reagan White House aide; presenter, Lancaster County ACTION workshop; board member, Pennsylvania Leadership Council; husband of Sheryl
Eberly, Sheryl Board member, Pennsylvania Family Institute; member, Lancaster County ACTION and Republican State Committee; wife of Donald
Feulner, Edwin J., Jr. President, Heritage Foundation (1977-present); Officer, The (Sarah Mellon) Scaife Foundation; recently appointed by Sen. Bob Dole and Rep. Newt Gingrich as Vice Chairman of the National Commission on Economic Growth and Tax Reform; former consultant to Ronald Reagan; syndicated columnist
Freind, Steven Member, Pennsylvania House of Representatives from Delaware County (1976-1992); leading promoter of anti-choice, anti-family planning legislation
Hickok, Eugene Board member, The Commonwealth Foundation; Pennsylvania Secretary of Education
Hollinger, Paul Owner, WDAC radio (airs Concerned Women for America and Focus on the Family); presenter, Lancaster County ACTION workshop January 12, 1990
Larry, Richard M. Officer, (Philip M.) McKenna Foundation; officer, The (Sarah Mellon) Scaife Foundation; contact and Treasurer, The Carthage Foundation
Luksik, Marguerite "Peg" 1990 candidate for gubernatorial nomination in Republican primary; 1994 Constitutional candidate for Governor; listed on announcement of United States Taxpayers Party 1996 Presidential Nominating Convention; founder and Director, Mom's House and National Parents Commission; featured speaker at Road to Victory III conference; board member, Pennsylvania Family Institute; board member, Pennsylvania Coalition for Academic Excellence
Mankamyer, Clay Part-time staff of Christian Coalition and organizer of Keystone Christian Coalition (one of the two groups created following a split in the Pennsylvania Christian Coalition in 1996); formerly North, Northeast and South Regional Director and Blair, Juniata and Mifflin County Field Director, Pennsylvania Christian Coalition; former Pennsylvania state policeman
McKenna, Alex G. Chair and co-founder, The Commonwealth Foundation; Chairman, (Philip M.) McKenna Foundation; Chairman and Director, (Katherine Mabis) McKenna Foundation
Mullen, Martin Former member, Pennsylvania House of Representatives; driving force behind anti-choice legislation and Abortion Control Acts prior to Stephen Freind's emergence as anti-choice leader of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Perry, John F., MD Member, Council for National Policy; served on national committee of United States Taxpayers Party. Ran for U.S. Senate as a Libertarian candidate in 1992 after failing to get on the ballot as representative of the USTP, campaigning against abortion rights and for prayer in schools
Peters, Pete Leader, Colorado-based LaPorte Church of Christ and Scriptures for America, a "Christian Identity" organization. Host, Truth for the Times syndicated television show, which is part of the Keystone Inspirational Network, owned by John H. Norris, who also owns WGCB-TV, Red Lion, Pennsylvania.
Pitts, Joseph Member, Pennsylvania House of Representatives 158th district; Speaker, 1994 Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation Conference; board member, The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania
Scaife, Richard M. Publisher, Greensburg Tribune-Review; Chairman, The (Sarah Mellon) Scaife Foundation; Chair, Allegheny Foundation; Chair, The Carthage Foundation
Schenker, Rick Founder, Pennsylvania Coalition, a fictious name for the former Pennsylvania Christian Coalition, adopted following the Pennsylvania group's split with the national Christian Coalition; former Executive Director, Pennsylvania Christian Coalition; Pennsylvania Christian Coalition Education Fund President; spokesperson, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Regional Office in Franklin, Pennsylvania
Sennholz, Hans Member, Council for National Policy; former staff, Bush White House; former chairman, Grove City College Economics Department
Sparks, John Original incorporator, The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania; Chairman, Grove City College Economics Department
Vroon, Peter President, Pennsylvania Christian Coalition; board member, Pennsylvania Right to Work; former member, Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Weyrich, Paul President, Free Congress Foundation; member, Council for National Policy; speaker, Road to Victory Conferences; co-founder, with Judie Brown, American Life League
Whittlesey, Faith Ryan Member, Council for National Policy; board member, Free Congress Foundation; board member, Intercollegiate Studies Institute; former member, Pennsylvania House of Representatives (R-Delaware) and Steven Freind's predecessor

VI. Sources of Information on Organizations and Foundations

Pennsylvania Department of State

Bureau of Charitable Organizations
124 Pine Street
Harrisburg, PA 17101
717-783-1720 or 1-800-732-0999
Registered organizations are required to report their revenue and expenses and the percentage of the expenditures spent on administration, fundraising or programming. Most non-profits which raise funds in Pennsylvania are required to register with the Bureau.

Bureau of Commissions, Elections and Legislation
Campaign Expense Unit
304 North Office Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120-0029
717-787-5280 fax 717-787-1734
Request campaign expense reports for state and federal candidates. Candidates must file income and expense reports several times during the election cycle as well as after the election. Requests should include the office the candidate is seeking/holds, district number (if applicable) and the candidate's name and party affiliation. There is no fee to examine reports. There is a per-page fee for copying.

Corporation Bureau
308 North Office Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120-0029
717-787-1057
Request incorporation filings for Pennsylvania corporations.

Federal Government

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Philadelphia, PA 19255

or

Freedom of Information Reading Room
1111 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20224

Request for Public Inspection or Copy of Exempt Organization Tax Form. Tax-exempt organizations must file a Form 990 with the IRS. To view these tax returns or receive a copy of a tax return, you must complete a Form 4506-A (available from any IRS office or from the Federal Tax Forms and Publications line, 1-800-829-3676). There is a fee for copies - $1.00 for the first page and $.15 for additional pages. There is no fee for inspecting forms.

Federal Election Commission
999 E Street
Washington, D.C. 20463
1-800-424-9530

Request campaign expense reports for federal candidates. Candidates must file income and expense reports several times during the election cycle as well as after the election. Requests should include the office the candidate is seeking/holds, district number (if applicable) and the candidate's name and party affiliation. Place request by phone, in order to determine cost of copies.

Local Government - Consult your County Board of Elections for information on county and local elections.

Other Groups Researching Religious Political
Extremist Groups and Activity

Americans United for Separation of Church and State
1816 Jefferson Place NW
Washington, DC 20036
202-466-3234
National membership organization which advocates preservation of religious freedom. Publishes a monthly magazine, Church and State.

Body Politic
P.O. Box 2363
Binghamton, NY 13902-2363
607-648-2760 fax 607-648-2511
Organization with particular focus on Operation Rescue, since Binghamton is founder Randall Terry's hometown. Publishes a monthly magazine, The Body Politic.

Center for Democratic Renewal
Box 50469
Atlanta, GA 30302
404-221-0025 fax 404-221-0045
Focuses on civil rights and gay rights issues; opposes the Ku Klux Klan and Aryan Nations. Publishes a monthly magazine, The Monitor.

Institute for First Amendment Studies
P.O. Box 589
Great Barrington, MA 01230
413-528-3800
The Institute closely follows the radical right. It's book, Challenging the Christian Right: An Activist's Handbook, by Frederick Clarkson and Skipp Porteous, is invaluable. Publishes a bi-monthly newsletter, The Freedom Writer.

National Abortion Federation
1436 U Street
Washington, DC 20009
202-667-5881 fax 202-667-5890
Tracks statistics on clinic violence nationwide and publishes reports.

National Coalition Against Censorship
275 Seventh Avenue, 20th floor
New York, NY 10001
212-807-6222 fax 212-807-6245
Publishes Censorship News five times yearly.

National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
NGLTF Policy Institute
2320 17th Street NW
Washington, DC 20009-2702
202-332-6483 fax 202-332-0207
Gay and lesbian advocacy organization. Publishes a monthly newsletter, Activist Alert.

People for the American Way
2000 M Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20036
202-467-4999 fax 202-293-2672
National advocacy group fighting the radical right. Publishes Right-Wing Watch ten times annually.

Planned Parenthood Federation of America Clinic Defense and Research
810 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10019
212-261-2618
Division of national health care organization which provides assistance for the defense and protection of reproductive health centers, clients, staff and volunteers.

Political Research Associates
120 Beacon Street, 3rd floor
Somerville, MA 02143
617-661-9313
Research center with extensive archive on right-wing groups and individuals from anti-choice extremist John Salvi to white supremacists. Publishes the quarterly, Public Eye. Posts reports on the world wide web.

Project Tocsin
P.O. Box 163523
Sacramento, CA 95816-3525
916-374-8276
A watchdog group specializing in "following the money trail" as it relates to radical right candidates.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many people assisted in the development of this project. We are grateful to all who shared their knowledge and insights with us. We acknowledge with gratitude the following, who provided support and advice to us: Margaret C. Ayers and the Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Planned Parenthood Southeastern Pennsylvania, Planned Parenthood of Chester County, Planned Parenthood of the Susquehanna Valley, Planned Parenthood Association of Bucks County, Planned Parenthood of North East Pennsylvania, Planned Parenthood of Western Pennsylvania, Planned Parenthood of Central Pennsylvania, the staff of the Clinic Defense Project of Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Project Tocsin, and the Institute for First Amendment Studies, and other individuals. We would also like to acknowledge the research done by Kathy Taylor, Scott Fischer, Kelly Bower and William Erle.
    This research is provided in the interest of furthering public awareness and understanding of an important aspect of contemporary life. If you wish to make use of this information, we ask that you acknowledge this publication as the source.

ENDNOTES

I. Introduction
    1 Holly Gunner, "Guerrillas in Our Midst", The Freedom Writer, Institute for First Amendment Studies, April 1994, p. 1.

II. The Foundation of Modern Religious Political Extremism in America
    2 Tracey Jefferys-Renault and Jerry Sloan, Without Justice for All, Planned Parenthood of Sacramento Valley, Sacramento, California, 1993, p. 8.
For a detailed study of Reconstructionism, see Frederick Clarkson, "Christian Reconstructionism: Religious Right Extremism Gains Influence", a two-part series in The Public Eye, March and June 1994.
    3 Position paper #4, Chalcedon, June 1979.
    4 R.J. Rushdoony, Institutes of Biblical Law, Craig Press, 1973, pp. 100, 647, 747, 765 quoted by Without Justice for All, pp. 7, 9.
    5 Rushdoony, p. 235 quoted by Jefferys-Renault and Sloan, p. 9.
    6 R.J. Rushdoony quoted by "Profile", The Freedom Writer, January 1995, p. 8.
    7 Chalcedon Report, Chalcedon, November, 1994, inside front cover.
    8 "Profile", The Freedom Writer, January 1995, p. 8; Frederick Clarkson, "Christian Reconstructionism: Religious Right Extremism Gains Influence", The Public Eye, March 1994.
    9 Jefferys-Renault and Sloan, p. 9.
   10 Clarkson, The Public Eye, March and June 1994.
   11 United States Taxpayers Party leaflet, "Help us restore the American republic." Published by US Taxpayers Party National Committee, Joe Sanger, Treasurer, 450 Maple Avenue East, Vienna, VA 22180.
   12 Colonel V. Doner, "Discipling the Nations for the Third Millennium", Chalcedon Report, November, 1994, p. 8-9.
   13 Ibid., p. 9.
   14 Rutherford Institute letterhead.

III. Family Planning and Politics in Pennsylvania
    15 Robert Zausner, "Why has Pa. seized initiative on abortion?", The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 15, 1989.
    16 Transcript, Pennsylvania Senate Public Health and Welfare Committee meeting, December 13, 1973.
    17 Legislative Journal, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, July 10, 1974, pp. 5476-5477.
    18 Halva-Neubauer, Glen Arlen, "Legislative Champions and Abortion Politics in the Keystone State," Legislative Agenda Setting in the States: The Case of Abortion Policy, unpublished thesis, September 1992, p. 296.
    19 Harris and New York Times/CBS News Polls, 1982.
    20 Telephone interview with Morgan Plant, November 10, 1994.
    21 Halva-Neubauer, p. 309.
    22 Rep. Stephen Freind, Memo to House of Representatives, October 27, 1987.
    23 Halva-Neubauer, p. 309.
    24 Ibid., p. 320.
    25 Ibid., p. 322.
    26 Rep. Stephen Freind, untitled press release, October 3, 1989.
    27 National Right to Life News, October 19, 1989.
    28 Rep. Stephen Freind, Memo to House of Representatives, September 27, 1989.
    29 Zausner, The Philadelphia Inquirer.
    30 1991-2 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Governor's Executive Budget, p. E34.26.
    31 "Request for Permission to Issue a Sole Source Contract for Women's Service Programs Providing Alternatives to Abortion and Approval of the Contract Amount", Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare Memorandum, May 6, 1993.
    32 Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare Contract No. 841521900, pp. 1, 2.
    33 Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare Secretary Feather Houstoun, Letter to Rep. Pitts, March 27, 1996.
    34 The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania, Corporation Bureau filing, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of State, October 17, 1985.
    35 Bruce Bortz and Kenneth Karpay (eds.), Guidebook to Pennsylvania Legislators 1993-1994, State Net, Sacramento, California, 1993, p. 452.
    36 Russell Eshelman, Jr., "Ridge seeks changes in the rules", The Philadelphia Inquirer,
December 7, 1995.
    37 Facsimile transmission from Pennsylvania Governor's Press Office, Harrisburg, PA, No. 3777, November 21, 1995, filed at Planned Parenthood Association of Pennsylvania.
    38 "Amendment No. 2 to Agreement No. 130051900, attachment to "Re: Family Planning Contract Amendments", letter from Eric L. Settle, Deputy Counsel General to Governor Ridge, February 9, 1996, filed at Planned Parenthood Association of Pennsylvania.

IV. Organizational Profiles
Council for National Policy
    39 "Council for National Policy members hold cloistered session in Saint Louis", The Freedom Writer, January 1994, p. 3.
    40 Ibid.
    41 Russ Bellant, The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism, South End Press, Boston, 1991, p. 45; interview with Russ Bellant, November 1, 1994; Council for National Policy Membership Directory, 1988.
    42 Sara Diamond, Spiritual Warfare: The Politics of the Christian Right, South End Press, Boston, 1990, p. 106-107.
    43 "Council for National Policy members hold cloistered session in Saint Louis", The Freedom Writer, January 1994, p. 3.
Christian Coalition
    44 Pat Robertson quoted by "Profile", The Freedom Writer, March 1995, p. 1.
    45 Ibid.
    46 Ibid.
    47 Pat Griffith, "Christian Coalition comes calling", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 30, 1994, p. A-1.
    48 Christian Coalition Leadership Manual, section 1.2.
    49 Frederick Clarkson and Skipp Porteous, Challenging the Religious Right, Ms. Foundation for Women, New York, 1993, p. 207.
    50 Ibid.
    51 John Taylor, "Pat Robertson's God Inc.", Esquire, November 1994, p. 78.
    52 Pat Robertson quoted by "Profile", The Freedom Writer, March 1995, p. 1.
    53 Ibid.
    54 CBN Mission Statement, 700 Club World Wide Web Site, November 21, 1995.
    55 Christian Coalition Leadership Manual, section 1.1.
    56 Ibid.
    57 Ibid., section 2.5 and 2.6.
    58 Ibid., section 2.6.
    59 Ibid., section 2.6 and citing Romans 13:1-6.
    60 "Coalition Strategy Courts Minorities", The Freedom Writer, February 1994, p. 2.
    61 The Religious Right: The Assault on Tolerance and Pluralism in America, p. 45.
    62 Ibid.
    63 Ibid.
    64 Clarkson and Porteous, Challenging the Religious Right, p. 176.
    65 The Religious Right: The Assault on Tolerance and Pluralism in America, p. 55.
    67 Burrelle's Media Directory, Pennsylvania 1995, Burrelle's Information Services, Livingston, NJ, 1995, p. F-8.
    68 The Religious Right: The Assault on Tolerance and Pluralism in America, p. 55.
    69 Transcript from the Pennsylvania Christian Coalition State Caucus meeting at Christian Coalition "Road to Victory Conference and Strategy Briefing", Washington, DC, September 16-17, 1994.
    70 Pennsylvania Christian Coalition County Action Plan, 1992, section 5.1, 5.6.3.
    71 Ralph Reed quoted by Gunner, The Freedom Writer, April 1994, p. 1.
Pennsylvania Christian Coalition
    72 Pennsylvania Christian Coalition County Action Plan, 1992, section 2.1.
    73 Ibid., section 1.1.
    74 Jim Thompson, "Doing the Right Thing", Erie Times-News, March 27, 1996; "Religious Right Update", The Freedom Writer, April 1996, p. 13.
    75 Ibid.
    76 Pennsylvania Christian Coalition County Action Plan, 1992, section 3.3.
    77 Pennsylvania Christian Coalition Educational Fund, Pennsylvania Charitable Corporation Report, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of State, filed July 31, 1992.
    78 "Christian right gets new clout", The Patriot-News, (Harrisburg, PA), February 26, 1994.
    79 Frederick Clarkson, "Inside the Covert Coalition", Church and State, November 1992; "An Army of the Faithful", The New York Times Magazine, April 25, 1993, p. 34.
    80 Christian Coalition, speech posted on Christian Coalition's World Wide Web Site, November 21, 1995.
    81 Steve Goldstein, "Christian Coalition gears up in Pennsylvania", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 7, 1993.
    82 Ibid.
    83 "Evangelicals major factor in elections", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, November 13, 1994.
    84 Pennsylvania Christian Coalition, County Action Plan, section 1.1.
    85 Ibid., section 8.3.
    86 Ibid., section 20.1.
    87 Ibid.
    88 Ibid., section 20.2.
    89 Ibid., section 20.4.
    90 Ibid., Appendix D.
    91 Transcript from the Pennsylvania Christian Coalition State Caucus meeting at Christian Coalition "Road to Victory Conference and Strategy Briefing", Washington, DC, September 16-17, 1994.
    92 Cruel campaign literature, Fall 1994.
    93 Promotional brochure, Landmark Legal Foundation, undated.
    94 Ibid.
    95 Cruel campaign literature, Fall 1994.
    96 "Candidate Profile", The Patriot-News, October 29, 1990.
    97 "Update of Religious Right Activities", People For The American Way, March 17, 1993,
p. 10-11.
    98 Pennsylvania Reporter, Pennsylvania Christian Coalition, April 1994, p. 3.
    99 Griffith, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, p. A-1.
   100 Leigh Ann Eagleston, "Robertson to lead God and Country Rally", Beaver County Times, April 6, 1994; Eagleston, "Pat Robertson Cancels Rally at CCBC", Beaver County Times, April 20, 1994.
   101 Jan Murphy, "Town permits Life Chain abortion protest to go on", The Record (Jenkintown, PA), September 30, 1994.
   102 The Sun (Hummelstown, PA), March 23, 1994.
  103 Tom Berry, "Interpretation misapplied in Lititz nativity scene case", Letter to the Editor, The Patriot-News, January 12, 1994.
   104 Diana Heim, "Conservative Christian group extends activism to county", Record-Herald (Waynesboro, PA), March 26, 1993.
   105 Quoted by the Reverend Stephen D. Harris, "School board was wrong", Letter to the Editor, Public Opinion (Chambersburg, PA), November 4, 1994.
   106 Lancaster County ACTION Workshop Agenda, January 12, 1990.
   107 Barbara Hough Roda, "Thunder on the right", Sunday News, July 28, 1992.
   108 Barbara Hough Roda, "Political Thorn," Sunday News, October 9, 1994.
   109 United States Taxpayers Party leaflet, "Help us restore the American republic." Published by US Taxpayers Party National Committee, Joe Sanger, Treasurer, 450 Maple Avenue East, Vienna, VA 22180.
   110 United Pennsylvanians and Voters for Accountablility campaign finance reports, submitted January 1993; January, October, March, April, May and December 1992; April, May, June and December 1991; October 1990.
   111 The Pennsylvania Reporter, May/June 1994, p. 3.
   112 "We are driving the press and the liberal politicians nuts: the Christian Coalition meets in Mansfield", Endless Mountains Weekend News (Mansfield, PA), September 30, 1994.
   113 David Feshler, "Endorsing an agenda of change", York Daily Record, June 11, 1993.
   114 Carolyn Jenko Kimmel, "GOP group: No takeover here - Evangelicals say they're independent", York Dispatch, January 12, 1994.
   115 Pennsylvania Christian Coalition, County Action Plan, section 4.1.
Concerned Women for America
   116 Family Voice, Concerned Women for America, May 1993.
   117 Telephone interview, Concerned Women for America national office, November 30, 1994.
   118 Ibid. Pennsylvania Bureau of Charitable Organizations reports $11 million in gross contributions.
   119 Beverly LaHaye, The Spirit Controlled Woman, Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, Oregon, 1976.
   120 Family Voice, September 1994, p. 11.
   121 "Radio Log for Beverly LaHaye Live and This Week with Beverly LaHaye", Family Voice, April 1994, insert.
   122 1994 Concerned Women for America National Convention advertisement, Family Voice, September 1994, p. 31.
   123 Julie Schollenberger, Esq., "Concerned About Concerned Women for America", The Freedom Writer, January 1995, p. 3.
   124 1994 Concerned Women for America National Convention advertisement, Family Voice, August 1994, p. 30-31.
   125 Concerned Women for America of Pennsylvania letterhead, letter dated May 11, 1992.
   126 Telephone interview, Concerned Women for America national office, November 30, 1994.
   127 Clarkson and Porteous, p. 158.
   128 "Talking Points with State Legislators", Traditional Family Rally (May 11, 1992), Concerned Women for America of Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation
   129 Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation, Registration Statement for Charitable Organization, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of State, Bureau of Charitable Organizations, fiscal year ending 12/31/93.
   130 Burrelle's Media Directory, Pennsylvania 1995, p. D-48.
   131 "Church and State: The Big Smokescreen", LifeLines, Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation, May-June 1990, p. 4.
   132 Ruth Marcus and Helen Dewar, "Senate GOP Panel Accused of Violating Election Laws", The Washington Post, February 23, 1995.
The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives
   133 Our Ideas Are Shaping A Better Future For Pennsylvania, The Commonwealth Foundation, p. 3.
   134 Ibid., inside back cover.
   135 The Commonwealth Foundation, Registration Statement for Charitable Organization, fiscal year ending 12/31/93.
   136 Our Ideas Are Shaping A Better Future For Pennsylvania, p. 2.
   137 Ibid., p. 4.
   138 The Commonwealth Foundation, Internal Revenue Service 990 Form, Part IIIa, 1992.
Focus on the Family
   139 The Freedom Writer, October 1994.
   140 Focus on the Family, Focus on the Family, January 1995, p. 2.
   141 Clarkson and Porteous, p. 115.
   142 Ibid.
   143 Jefferys-Renault and Sloan, p. 64.
   144 Citizen, Focus on the Family, November 21, 1994, p. 5.
   145 Community Impact Curriculum, Focus on the Family, quoted by Clarkson and Porteous, p. 116.
   146 Citizen, November 21, 1994, p. 5.
   147 Jefferys-Renault and Sloan, p. 65.
   148 The Pennsylvania Citizen, Pennsylvania Family Institute, August 1994.
   149 Ibid., Special Edition December 1995, p. 1, 2.
   150 Pennsylvania Family Institute, Registration Statement for Charitable Organization, fiscal year ending 12/31/93.
   151 The Pennsylvania Citizen, August 1994, p. 3.
   152 Ibid., March 1994, p. 3.
   153 Ibid., August 1994, p. 3.
   154 Ibid.
   155 "Quick Reference", 1994 General Election Voter's Guide, Pennsylvania Family Institute, inside cover.
   156 The Pennsylvania Citizen, November 1994, p. 3.
   157 1994 Annual Report, Philip M. McKenna Foundation.
National Association of Christian Educators/Citizens for Excellence in Education
   158 President's Report, National Association of Christian Educators/Citizens for Excellence in Education, December 1993, p. 6; President's Report, National Association of Christian Educators/Citizens for Excellence in Education, March 1994, p. 5.
   159 Kathi Hudson Simonds, "Choice in Education-Giving Parents the Freedom of Choice", Report, National Association of Christian Educators/Citizens for Excellence in Education, January 1992.
   160 President's Report, November 1994.
   161 Robert Simonds quoted by Clarkson and Porteous, p. 221.
   162 Clarkson and Porteous, p. 124.
   163 President's Report, January 1994.
   164 Ibid.
   165 Clarkson and Porteous, p. 125.
   166 Solicitation letter, National Association of Christian Educators/Citizens for Excellence in Education, November 1994.
   167 President's Report, January 1994, p. 2.
   168 Citizens for Excellence in Education newsletter, volume 2, number 6, January 1993.
   169 "Religious Right Update", People for the American Way, March 17, 1993.
   170 Pennsylvania Coalition for Academic Excellence, 1992 Gubernatorial Questionnaire on Education Issues, April 12, 1994.
The Rutherford Institute
   171 The Rutherford Institute 1993/1994 Calendar, inside cover.
   172 The Rutherford Institute, Internal Revenue Service Form 990, 1992.
   173 The Rutherford Institute 1993/1994 Calendar, p. 3.
   174 The Rutherford Institute, Registration Statement for Charitable Organization, fiscal year ending 12/31/93.
   175 "The Ministry of Chalcedon", Chalcedon Foundation.
   176 The Rutherford Institute 1993/1994 Calendar, p. 1.
   177 Ibid., p. 2.
   178 Ibid., p. 3.
   179 The Rutherford Institute, Internal Revenue Service Form 990, 1992.
   180 Jefferys-Renault and Sloan, p. 71.
   181 Fundraising letter, The Rutherford Institute, April 1994.
   182 Ibid.
   183 Fundraising letter, The Rutherford Institute, January 1994.
   184 Fundraising letter, The Rutherford Institute, August 8, 1994.
   185 Ibid.
   186 "Campaign Biography", Luksik for Governor campaign, received from Carlisle, PA campaign office, November 4, 1994, filed at Planned Parenthood Association of Pennsylvania.
   187 The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania, Corporation Bureau filing, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of State, October 17, 1985.
   188 The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania, Schedule A, Internal Revenue Service Form 990EZ, 1991.
   189 Telephone interview, Frances Sheehan, Executive Director, Planned Parenthood of Chester County (West Chester, PA), November 16, 1995.
   190 "Campaign Biography", Luksik for Governor campaign, received from Carlisle, PA campaign office, November 4, 1994, filed at Planned Parenthood Association of Pennsylvania.
American Family Association
   191 AFA Journal, The American Family Association, August 1994, p. 2.
   192 Clarkson and Porteous, p. 93.
   193 Ibid.
   194 Pensacola News Journal, October 25, 1986, quoted by Dallas Blanchard, The Anti-Abortion Movement and the Rise of the Religious Right, 1994, p. 104-105.
   195 Bellant, p. 22.
   196 Skipp Porteous, "Anti-Semitism: Its Prevalence Within the Christian Right", The Freedom Writer, May 1994, p. 6.
   197 Ibid.
   198 Donald Wildmon, The Home Invaders, Victor Books, 1986, p. 49 quoted by Porteous, The Freedom Writer, May 1994, p. 5.
   199 Nancy Peterson, "A faction in GOP signals a right turn", The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 25, 1994.
   200 American Family Ministries Report, April-May, 1995.
   201 Jim Hanak, "Dear Friends of AFM", letter filed at Planned Parenthood Association of Pennsylvania.
   202 Jim Hanak, "Dear Friends", letter filed at Planned Parenthood Association of Pennsylvania.
   203 Peterson, The Philadelphia Inquirer.

VI. Pennsylvania Foundations Funding Radical Right Organizations
   204 Jefferys-Renault and Sloan, p. 56-57.
   205 Who's Wealthy in America, The Taft Group, 1990, p. 967.
   206 Phil Kuntz, "Citizen Scaife: Heir Turned Publisher Uses Financial Largess to Fuel Conservatism", The Wall Street Journal, October 12, 1995.
   207 Ibid.
   208 Profile of Dr. Edwin J. Feulner, Heritage Foundation World Wide Web Site, November 21, 1995.