CONCERNED WOMEN FOR AMERICA
Mission: Concerned Women for America exists to "preserve, protect and promote traditional and Judeo-Christian values through education, legal defense, legislative programs, humanitarian aid in Central America, and related activities which represent the concerns of men and women who believe in these values."116 CWA opposes a woman's right to choose an abortion, civil rights for homosexuals, sexuality education, national health care reform and the Equal Rights Amendment.
Address: 370 L'Enfant Promenade S.W. Suite 800, Washington, D.C. 20024
Phone: 202-488-7000 or 1-800-458-8797
Founded: 1979
President: Beverly LaHaye
Known Board Members: 117 Kathy Arrington, Betty Lou Martin, Paulette Brack, Linda Murphy, Lee Chapman, Barbara Owsley, Cathi Herod, Shirley Peters, Cindy Johnson, Pam Shellenberger (PA), Beverly LaHaye, Maxine Sieleman, Barrie Lyons
Board members serve as CWA area representatives
General Membership: 600,000 (Self-described as the largest women's organization in the country)
Finances: $13,814,468 (Fiscal Year 1993 Membership Contributions)118
Publications: Family Voice, a magazine published 11 times a year

Concerned Women for America promotes "traditional family values" which includes maintaining the "proper place" for women. CWA President Beverly LaHaye writes that "spirit controlled women" are "truly liberated" because they are "totally submissive" to their husbands.119 Beverly LaHaye is married to the Rev. Tim LaHaye, President of Family Life Seminars. Tim LaHaye was a founder of the Moral Majority and a founder and past president of the Council for National Policy.
    CWA frequently cites Tim LaHaye to support its positions. In the September 1994 issue of Family Voice, Tim LaHaye, described as "President of Family Life Seminars and an author, minister and educator," wrote an article for clergy on the importance of being involved in politics and particularly the 1994 elections. In the same issue, Tim LaHaye is quoted as an expert on sexuality education in the following excerpt from the article "Education in Crisis."

Although Planned Parenthood denies that sex education and clinics encourage sexual activity, evidence indicates otherwise. Author Dr. Tim LaHaye says, "Mixed sex-education classes not only ignite youthful passions, but overcome a time-honored hindrance to teenage promiscuity [which is] parental and church approval. Between the ages of thirteen and twenty-two, parents' influence on their children reaches its lowest level, but the school and peer group exercise the greatest influence." 120

In addition to Family Voice, CWA has daily and weekly radio broadcasts and an annual national convention. "Beverly LaHaye Live" and "This Week with Beverly LaHaye" are aired on 100 radio stations in 37 states and the District of Columbia. Nine radio stations in Pennsylvania carry 27 broadcasts each week.121
    On September 29, 1994, eight hundred people gathered at the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Washington, D.C. for Concerned Women for America's 11th annual convention, "America's Foundation - Reclaimed or Destroyed?"122 Convention workshops targeted these "strategic areas": education, homosexuality, welfare reform, religious freedom, teen abstinence, get-out-the-vote, and Concerned Women for America leadership opportunities. Convention speakers included David Barton, Sen. Jesse Helms, and Oliver North.123 C-SPAN broadcast the 1994 convention's award ceremony where Beverly LaHaye presented Helms with the Concerned Women for America Patriot Award, describing him as a "fierce opponent of abortion and strong supporter of school prayer."124

CONCERNED WOMEN FOR AMERICA OF PENNSYLVANIA
Mission: "Protecting the rights of the family through prayer and action"125
National Affiliation: Concerned Women for America
Chapter Leaders: Karen Keckler, Central Area Representative, P.O. Box 381, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, phone 717-697-5496
    Lou Ann Gould (Butler); Dorlene E. Long (Pittsburgh); Tamara Martin (Ephrata); Patricia Miller (Erie); Mary A. Weaver (Harrisburg); Joyce LaPore (York)
Chapters: Berwin, Bethel, Park, Butler, Collegeville, Emhart, Erie, Franklin, Manheim, Meadville, Morrisville, Norristown, Northeast, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Red Lion, Wellsboro, West Chester, White Deer, York, Zelienople
partial listing of local chapters provided by Concerned Women for America national office126

Concerned Women for America of Pennsylvania (CWA/PA) rallies around the same issues as the national organization: education, abortion, "homosexual lifestyle protection legislation," and "traditional family values."127 The state organization sponsored a "Traditional Family Rally" at the Capitol in Harrisburg in May of 1992. Since that time, CWA/PA's state office has closed. According to a CWA national field director, the state office previously located in East Petersburg is no longer open and interested Pennsylvania women are being referred to local chapter meetings.128 The Pennsylvania Bureau of Charitable Organizations confirms a registration for the national office of CWA, but no listing for CWA/PA.

PENNSYLVANIA PRO-LIFE FEDERATION
Mission: "To present fully detailed and factual information with which individuals and the general public can make informed decisions about various topics such as: fetal development, abortion, euthanasia, and infanticide"129
Address: 4800 Jonestown Rd. Suite 102, Harrisburg, PA 17109-1701
Phone: 717-541-0034
Founded: 1979
Staff Leadership: Mary Beliveau, Legislative Coordinator
Known Board Members: Garnett Biviano, President; Sue Karlovich, Vice-President; Marjorie Wesnak, Secretary and Treasurer
Finances: $890,166 (Fiscal Year 1993)
Publications: Lifelines newsletter circulated to 95,000 people, bi-monthly130

The Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation (PPLF) is most well-known as an opponent of reproductive rights and of euthanasia. However, PPLF echoes anti-separationist doctrine, such as this passage from Lifelines, "As for the frequently misinterpreted doctrine of the separation of church and state 'mandated' by the Constitution," said the PPLF statement, "it is clear that those who advocate this doctrine are doing so either because they misunderstand the Constitution or wish to exclude the voice of religion from the public arena."131
    The PPLF lobbies against family planning and reproductive rights, and for government funding of anti-choice organizations on the state level. The PPLF political action committee endorses candidates for elected office. The 1994 PPLF convention, "For the Love of Life. . . and the Hope of Tomorrow," included a keynote speech by Republican candidate for U.S. Senate Rick Santorum. During that campaign, Santorum had received some help from the National Right to Life Committee, which received a $175,000 grant from the National Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee. NRSC Chair Phil Gramm said that he gave the money because of his fear that Santorum, among others, were on the verge of defeat. "I made a decisions to provide some money to help activate pro-life voters in some key states where they would be pivotal to the election," Gramm told the Washington Post. 132
    Other convention speakers included syndicated columnist and Christian Coalition favorite Don Feder; Pennsylvania House of Representatives 103rd district candidate and Pennsylvania Family Institute board member Debra Cruel; and Pennsylvania House of Representatives 158th district member Joseph Pitts.

THE COMMONWEALTH FOUNDATION
FOR PUBLIC POLICY ALTERNATIVES
Mission: "Our mission is to advance the public interest - Your interest. Our agenda is lean government, pro-growth economics and broad-based government reform. We want to put the 'public' back into public policy."133
Address: 3544 North Progress Avenue, Suite 101, Harrisburg, PA 17110
Phone: 717-671-1901
Founded: 1987
President and CEO: Don Eberly
Known Board Members: Don Eberly, President; Alex McKenna, Chair and Co-founder; T. William Boxx, Secretary and Treasurer; Frederick W. Anton, III; Joanne B. Beyer; William C. Dunkelberg, Ph.D. ; Earl Hess, Ph.D.; Eugene Hickok, Ph.D.; Sam McCullough; Allan Meltzer, Ph.D.; Victor E. Milione;   James L. Murdy; James E. Panyard; Kevin Sontheimer, Ph.D.; Robert Woodson134
Finances: $334,000 (Fiscal Year 1993)135
Publications: Bottom Line newsletter, reports, briefs, and five books

The Commonwealth Foundation is a non-profit organization led by Don Eberly, former Reagan White House aide and a member of the Council for National Policy. The Commonwealth Foundation describes itself as being at the

forefront of presenting new ideas for our state - ideas that will make legislators, schools and government accountable, and provide new incentives for expanding economic growth. The Foundation's work focuses on bringing policy change throughout Pennsylvania; reforming democratic institutions, and restoring health to society through the renewal of citizen involvement and the mobilization of leadership from all sectors of society, particularly the civic arena.136

One Foundation brochure warns, "Problems once confined to the Nation's urban underclass are now spreading into smaller communities throughout Pennsylvania." The Commonwealth Foundation blames the dissolution of the "traditional family." "Many of the urban problems result from the decline, not only of urban economies, but of the cultural institutions that serve to prevent dysfunction, such as the family."137
    The Commonwealth Foundation produces books, studies, and a newsletter, designed to impact public policy on issues including education reform, juvenile boot camps, "parental leave mandates" (i.e. family and medical leave), prevailing wage, "character education," and Medicaid. Published reports include Approaches to State Welfare Reform and Alternatives for State Health Care Reform.138

FOCUS ON THE FAMILY
Mission: "Focus on the Family is governed by an independent board of directors committed to the lordship of Jesus Christ and His principles for the success of the family unit". Focus on the Family President Dr. James Dobson asserts that God "has called us to be His representative in our nation and in our world. Select candidates who represent your views and work for their election. This is a vital part of what it means to be 'salt and light' in today's world."139
Address: 102 North Cascade, Colorado Springs, CO 80995
Phone: 719-531-3400
Internet, World Wide Web: http://www.webcom.com/dms/focus.html
Founded: 1977
President: Dr. James Dobson Paul Hetrick, Vice President
Known Board Members: Dr. James Dobson, Chairman, Shirley Dobson (James's wife), Hugo W. Schoellkopf III, Lee Eaton (Council for National Policy), Dr. Ted Engstrom, Dr. Michael Roberts, Beth Allen Blakemore, Bob Biehl, Tony Wauteriek, Dr. Adrian Rogers (former head of Southern Baptist Convention), Don Hodel (former Secretary of the Interior) 140
General Membership: 4 million "constituents," 2 million are "active" at any given time141
Finances: Annual Budget: $150 million (Donations and sales)
Donations (Fiscal Year 1993): $79.5 million142

Described by Dobson as "an alternative press," Focus on the Family (FOTF) produces videos, books, and educational materials reflecting radical right precepts. FOTF publishes eight periodicals, receives 1,200 phone calls and 10,000 letters per day, and responds with over 52 million pieces of literature and over a million audio cassettes each year. The "Focus on the Family" program is the second largest nationally syndicated radio talk show in the U.S. Dobson is heard on 1,800 radio outlets worldwide,143 including 53 secular stations reaching 8.6 million U.S. listeners. Thirty-six Pennsylvania radio stations carry 80 "Focus on the Family" broadcasts each week. In addition, Focus on the Family produces four other radio programs. FOTF's operation is run by 2,200 employees and housed in a $27 million, 45 acre facility.144
    In addition to the massive communications operation, FOTF has a training program based on their Community Impact Curriculum (CIC). Community Impact Seminars are designed to train Christian soldiers for political warfare. The strategy is outlined in the CIC manual:

    The first thing required to win a war is soldiers. Churches must begin with a program of "recruitment" or more plainly, discipleship.
    Secondly, an army needs intelligence. Where are the battles raging? Who is involved? What is the nature of the conflict and the size of the enemy? Questions like these must be answered in order to direct the efforts of your soldiers. Many organizations are devoted to providing such intelligence, either on a single social issue or a broad array of concerns. Focus on the Family has a number of resources designed to provide your church with intelligence.145

    FOTF offers political commentary in Citizen magazine. The November 21, 1994 issue of Citizen includes an article entitled "Is it 1996 yet?". The article, by Citizen editor Tom Hess, begins:

    Perhaps you've had your fill of analysis of the Nov. 8 election. But I can't help but look toward 1996 with eagerness. I'm saddened that Bill Bennett won't be thrashing liberals in debates across Iowa and New Hampshire, but I do expect that because of his influence, virtue will receive fuller, deeper discussion in 1996. Chances are that the media will not pooh-pooh integrity, honesty and fidelity the way they did in 1992. And the spectacle of a debate over ethics between Bill Clinton and- Dan Quayle? Jack Kemp? Pat Buchanan?- could be one for the ages.146

    Focus on the Family has quietly developed a very well funded operation -four times larger than the Christian Coalition. Without Justice for All describes FOTF as "one of the largest, most influential and most overlooked radical right organizations in the country."147

PENNSYLVANIA FAMILY INSTITUTE
Mission: "The Pennsylvania Family Institute is a research and education organization devoted to restoring traditional family values to our state and nation. We produce policy reports, promote responsible citizenship and work to promote unity among pro-family groups."148
National Affiliation: Focus On The Family
Address: 3544 North Progress Avenue, Suite 104, Harrisburg, PA 17110
Phone: 717-545-0600
President: Michael Geer
Known Board Members (current and former): James M. Herr, Chairman; Max Bingaman, Vice-Chairman; Clyde W. Horst, Secretary; Robert B. Hayward, Jr., Treasurer; Leonard Davis III, Esq., Lisa Jenkins Cahill, M.D., Sheryl Eberly, Tony DeCaro, Debra R. Cruel, Esq.; Dr. Kevin Moore, Claude W. Horst, Ron Hostetler, Peg Luksik, Dr. Leonard K. Maliska, Jr., Mark D. Rodgers, Raymond E. Speicher, Ronald A. Stiller, Jeannie Moore, J. Myron Stoltzfus
General Membership: The Pennsylvania Citizen is mailed to 20,000 individuals monthly. 149
Finances: $154,296 (Private donations, Fiscal Year 1993)150

The Pennsylvania Family Institute (PFI) is one of 35 similar Focus on the Family-affiliated think tanks. "The Pennsylvania Citizen is produced monthly by PFI in cooperation with FOTF's Citizen magazine to keep Pennsylvanians abreast of local activities affecting families."151
    Like FOTF, PFI does a tremendous amount of political organizing. Most issues of The Pennsylvania Citizen include legislative updates, information about how to contact legislators, and quotes from legislators who support PFI. "One state legislator, Rep. Joseph Pitts (R-Chester) tells me that state legislators hear from so few people, that 5 face-to-face visits, and 10 phone calls or letters from constituents are typically enough to change a legislator's mind on almost any issue."152
    The 1994 election cycle was a particularly busy time for PFI. The August 1994 issue of The Pennsylvania Citizen includes this advertisement for the soon to be published PFI Voter's Guide.

Pennsylvania Family Institute wants you to be an informed voter! Get your copy of Pennsylvania Family Institute's 1994 General Election Voter's Guide. Researched and produced by the Pennsylvania Family Institute, the Voter's Guide shows where the candidates stand on issues of importance to you and your family.153

The 1994 Voter's Guide is a large red, white and blue pamphlet with candidates' photos, biographies, campaign office phone numbers, and questions and answers about issues of concern to PFI supporters. The guide details candidates' positions on a balanced budget amendment, abstinence-based sexuality education for adolescents, voluntary school prayer and Bible reading, school vouchers, development of mandatory national curriculum, national health insurance, fetal tissue research, women's access to abortion, and funding for the National Endowment for the Arts.154
    The Voter's Guide also contains a "Citizen Opinion Ballot" which asks respondents to indicate if they support or oppose "parental choice in education, teacher strikes, outcome based education reforms, national school mandates, taxpayer-funded abortions, birth control in schools, homosexual rights, family tax relief, property tax reform, legalized gambling, term limits, and gun control."155 PFI promised to send the results of the "Citizen Opinion Ballot" to newly elected officials.
    The "Dear Fellow Pennsylvanian" letter from Michael Geer included in the Voter's Guide gives background information about the mission of PFI and asks the reader for financial support. "If you agree with our mission, or find this Voter's Guide helpful, please consider a generous, tax-deductible donation to the Pennsylvania Family Institute."
    One million Pennsylvania Family Institute General Election Voter's Guides were "distributed to homes and families across Pennsylvania over the last few weeks, thanks to the generosity and work of some foundations, companies, and people like you," writes Geer in the November 1994 Pennsylvania Citizen. PFI distributed the Voter's Guides "through the mail, through churches, libraries, businesses and retail stores. They arrived in some communities with the help of the paper boy, and found their way into homes in 'free' advertising newspapers in certain parts of the state." According to Geer, PFI is already planning future involvement in electoral politics. "I hate to even think about it at this point, but, Lord willing, we plan to produce an expanded Voter's Guide for 1996." 156 In both 1992 and 1994, the McKenna Foundation of Latrobe, Pennsylvania contributed $7,000 to support PFI's voter's guides.157

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATORS
CITIZENS FOR EXECLLENCE IN EDUCATION
Mission: NACE/CEE seeks to disrupt public schools by attacking the curriculum and textbooks.158 Additional goals are: gaining a majority on local school boards, defeating Outcome Based Education, public funding for private schools, and stopping sexuality education.159
Address: Box 3200, Costa Mesa, CA 92628
Phone: 714-546-5931
Founded: 1983
Executive Director: Dr. Robert Simonds
Known Board Members: Dr. Robert Simonds, President; Kathi Hudson, Vice-President (daughter); Jacqueline Simonds, Secretary and Treasurer (wife); Russell Wilson, Dan Collins, Donna Ross
General Membership: 210,000 members and 1,625 CEE chapters
Finances: "For six straight months now we have had a $9,000 per month deficit."160 (Nov. 1994)
Publications: Education Newsline (quarterly) and President's Report (monthly)

"We have a plan to take our entire education system back and put it in God's hands."161 NACE/CEE works in coalition with other radical right groups toward the ultimate goal of "replacing all local public schools with private schools by 2000 A.D." In the January 1994 President's Report, Simonds wrote, "God's people are on a major breakthrough in saving all of America's 44,000,000 innocent children from a total moral collapse." He continues, "the clash is between two totally different world views on humanity. The atheistic liberal view versus the Christian conservative views."162 He instructs readers to "pray for all Concerned Women for America, Eagle Forum, and Christian Coalition groups to get totally involved. . ."163 Most dramatic is his divisive call for power: "Also, some intellectuals in the school's bureaucracy can easily see we are not only winning dramatically in school board elections, but we will soon have such a grass-roots victory nationally that we won't need to negotiate with them. Conservatives can soon establish their own policies to protect all children from the atheist, secular agenda that is destroying our children."164 (emphasis added.)
    "The name Citizens for Excellence in Education was adopted for local use because it sounds like 'a friendly' name to the school board."165 NACE/CEE applies a scaled down version of Pat Robertson's 15% solution to taking control of school boards. The NACE/CEE Parent Action Guide says, "only about 5-10% of your community votes for school board members. That means that a 1-3% swing in the vote will have major impact. Generally, 3% represents only a few churches."
    In a November 1994 solicitation from NACE/CEE, Simonds offers The Family Under Siege: What the Social Engineers Have in Mind for You and Your Children, by anti-abortion rights activist George Grant. This book is described as:

Powerfully presented facts and examples document the threat posed to your family by the reigning politically powerful social engineers. The true agendas of Planned Parenthood, the National Education Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, ACT UP, the Children's Defense Fund, the World Health Organization and Tikkun are exposed, and their political power linked right to the top of the White House - Bill and Hillary Clinton.166

In the January 1994 issue of the President's Report, Simond takes credit for placing 12,470 "Christian conservative" parents on school boards during the past five years.167 Simonds is also the author of How to Elect Christians to Public Office.

CITIZENS FOR EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION/PENNSYLVANIA
National Affiliation: National Association of Christian Educators/
Citizens for Excellence in Education (NACE/CEE)
Address: 10 Emerson Circle, Zelienople, PA 16506
Phone: 814-864-4378
Known Board Members: Cathy Riggle, Director, NACE/CEE/Erie; Nancy Staible, State Director, CEE State Office168

In March 1993, during the fight over Outcome Based Education (OBE), NACE/CEE head Robert Simonds traveled across Pennsylvania making speeches and organizing support for CEE's effort to elect candidates to school boards in the May primary elections. Simonds told one crowd,

We want to put Christians on the school boards. We can change the system. . . We want to organize Christian groups in each school district." Simonds declared that he and his allies "are a great threat to public schools. We may have to get rid of them."169

Early in 1994, CEE called together leaders of twenty organizations to form the Pennsylvania Coalition for Academic Excellence, whose goal was to prevent the implementation of Outcome Based Education. That spring, the coalition sent a questionnaire to gubernatorial candidates. Candidates were asked if, as Governor, they would abolish the state board of education and "investigate the direct correlation between the decline in academic achievement and the psychological experimentation of Pa. students?"170
    NACE/CEE may be losing ground to larger organizations. Focus on the Family rhetoric and materials have become favorites of like-minded school board candidates. Since the Christian Coalition's inception in 1989, they have been at the forefront of many of the issues NACE/CEE originally and exclusively addressed. The Pennsylvania Christian Coalition was also part of the coalition that attacked the proposed 1993 OBE reforms. NACE/CEE currently has a deficit budget and recently cut back publications. Local activists and educators from across the state report that some NACE/CEE chapters appear to have been enveloped by Christian Coalition chapters and taxpayers' groups.

THE RUTHERFORD INSTITUTE
Mission: To defend the constitutional rights of religious people171
Address: P.O. Box 7482, Charlottesville, VA 22906-7482
Phone: 804-978-3888
Internet, World Wide Web: http://www.rutherford.org
Founded: 1982
President: John W. Whitehead, Esq.
Known Board Members: John W. Whitehead, Chair; John Thomas, Vice-President; Louis Larson, Treasurer; James Buchfuehrer; Donovan Campbell, Jr. 172
General Membership: 20 state affiliates and 6 regional offices in the U.S., and affiliates in Canada, South America and Central and Eastern Europe173
Finances: $6,338,809 (Fiscal Year 1993)174
Publications: Rutherford magazine (monthly)

The Rutherford Institute was founded by Whitehead with the help of Howard F. Ahmanson and R.J. Rushdoony.175 Whitehead began "defending the constitutional rights of religious people" in 1974. Eventually, he abandoned his Arkansas law practice and "embarked on a search for answers in the Bible" with his wife and five-year old son in tow.

That winter, he gave away his clients and his livelihood to other attorneys. The Whitehead family stuffed their 1965 Dodge with a few belongings, sold the rest, and moved with $300.00 to Los Angeles. John studied apologetics and theology at a seminary in Westwood while Carol worked as a legal secretary.176

In 1979, Whitehead moved to Manassas, Virginia, to develop a Washington, D.C. law practice and begin "the hard battle ahead to uphold God-given liberties."177 Whitehead continued to pursue "religious liberty" cases while going deeply in debt. He admits, "My family paid a heavy price emotionally and financially. I remember a close friend who made our house payment for us for a full year just to keep a roof over our heads."178 In 1982, Whitehead published The Second American Revolution. Whitehead has since published 14 books and receives a six-figure salary from the Institute.179
    With the support of people like R.J. Rushdoony, The Rutherford Institute has used the courts to promote their agenda. "The Rutherford Institute has been extremely active in defending health clinic protesters, challenging laws protecting gays and lesbians, and in other cases which they perceive as government intrusion into religious matters."180
    In 1994, the Institute was very active in cases supporting what they call "the religious beliefs of children,"181 i.e., establishing prayer in public schools. The Institute's family law cases included a lawsuit against Washington state officials for placing a "boy in a gay 'household'."182 When the couple, who had been raising the child for three years, initiated adoption, The Rutherford Institute stepped in.
    The Institute also works outside the courtroom. The most notable efforts in 1994 included a "Declaration of Concern" included in a January 1994 fundraising letter. Members were instructed to sign and return it to the Institute. This declaration alleged that the Clinton Administration had been engaging in "an alarming escalation of legal actions against churches, religious groups, individuals, and God-honoring families" and supporting "the radical restructuring of America."183 The June 1994 issue of Rutherford magazine reports that over 25,000 "Declarations of Concern" were sent to President Clinton.
    A campaign against then Surgeon General Dr. Joycelyn Elders initiated by The Rutherford Institute in August of 1994 contributed to her forced resignation later that year. Whitehead dedicated the entire "Dear Supporting Member" letter in August 1994 to Dr. Elders and "her outrageous comments and left-wing proposals."184 Whitehead warned his supporters that Elders' "dangerous agenda is aimed at redefining and destroying the traditional family." Whitehead calls Elders "the Condom Queen," and objects to her statement that "I feel that sexuality is up to the individual - it's not for the rest of us to decide. What goes on in someone's bedroom is really none of my business."185

THE RUTHERFORD INSTITUTE OF PENNSYLVANIA
Mission: To defend persons whose first amendment religious liberties are threatened
National Affiliation: The Rutherford Institute
Address: P.O. Box 259, Media, PA 19063
Phone: 610-566-2703
Founded: Incorporated on October 17, 1985
Known Board Members (current and former): William Bonner, President; J. Michael Considine, Jr., Vice-President; Rep. Joseph Pitts, Director; James N. Clymer, Member186; John Sparks, Esq. (Chair, Economics Department, Grove City College), original incorporator; Victor Vouga (Grove City, Pa.), original incorporator187
Finances: $59,880 (Fiscal Year 1991)188

The Rutherford Institute of Pennsylvania was originally incorporated with John Whitehead as Board Chair. Whitehead then turned over leadership to a Pennsylvania-based board.
    Vice President J. Michael Considine, Jr., represented Operation Rescue in a 1988 lawsuit against Planned Parenthood in Chester County, Pennsylvania.189
James Clymer serves as Eastern States Chairman for the United States Taxpayers Party, and was the 1994 Constitutional Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor. His official campaign biography noted that he had worked with The Rutherford Institute and the American Family Association Law Center "in a variety of cases, dealing with constitutional liberty issues." 190

AMERICAN FAMILY ASSOCIATION
Mission: "AFA is a Christian organization promoting the Biblical ethic of decency in American society with primary emphasis on TV and other media."191
Address: 107 Parkgate, P.O. Drawer 2440, Tupelo, MS 38803
Phone: 601-844-9176; WAFR Radio 601-844-8893; Law Center 601-680-3886
Internet, World Wide Web: http://www.gocin.com/afa/afa_home.htm
President: Dr. Donald E. Wildmon
Known Board Members: Tim Wildmon, Vice-President (son); Rev. Curtis Petrey; Allen Wildmon (brother); Rev. Doc Jeter; Rev. Dan Woodward; Rev. Jack Williams; Rev. Don Lewis; Prentiss Gordon; Rev. Buddy Smith
General Membership: 640 chapters, 450,000 members192
Finances: $6 million193

American Family Association purports to target "anti-Christian bigotry" in the media and the arts primarily through boycott campaigns. AFA is also very politically active and adds a legal component through the AFA Law Center. Every month, AFA Journal prints the "Boycott Box," listing corporations AFA is boycotting and its rationale for doing so.
    While AFA claims to be the ever vigilant moral conscience of the airways, several corporations and organizations that clearly violate AFA's morality test are notably absent from AFA's target lists. The National Coalition on Television Violence (NCTV) considers Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network's (CBN) weekend programming to be some of the most violent on television, but CBN nor their violent programming has ever been mentioned by AFA or Wildmon. According to a NCTV statement,

NCTV has expressed its concern about CBN drama-action programming. Despite our best efforts, CBN has not been willing to meet with us to study this issue. [S]aturdays from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. and Sunday 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. violent western programming takes over. [I]t is about this programming that NCTV has the most concern. During these hours on Saturday and Sunday, CBN has the highest number of acts of violence per hour of any network in America.194

Similarly, Dominos Pizza, whose chairman Tom Monaghan has been a generous donor to anti-choice and radical right causes, is not targeted by AFA even though Dominos advertising appears during National Football League broadcasts against which Wildmon has organized boycotts. 195
    AFA claims endorsements from religious and community leaders which increase its clout with corporations and donors. However, "when presented with insights about Rev. Wildmon, several Christian leaders expressed their concern to the Institute for First Amendment Studies."196 AFA claimed John L. May, archbishop of St. Louis and former head of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, as an endorser of their program. When shown materials AFA claimed he endorsed, May said, "I certainly do not agree with the obvious anti-Semitic bias of Rev. Donald E. Wildmon."197 Wildmon asserts that "anti-Christian bigotry" in the media is part of a large conspiracy against Christians and their faith. He believes it is because "Hollywood and the theater world is heavily influenced by Jewish people."198

PENNSYLVANIA AMERICAN FAMILY MINISTRIES, INC.
Mission: To defend persons whose first amendment religious liberties are threatened
National Affiliation: Jim Hanak is identified in a 1994 Philadelphia Inquirer article as "founder of the Pennsylvania chapter of the American Family Association" 199 and listed in County Action Plan as local contact for American Family Association.
Address: Box 22, Westtown, PA 19395
Phone: 610-399-9876
Director and Founder: Jim Hanak
Board members: Tom Curyto (Treasurer) and Lynne Curyto (described as "staff on loan from Campus Crusade for Christ" in a letter from Hanak dated December 13, 1994.); Jim and Polly Hanak; Jim and Jody Koan; Scott Trotter200
Funding: Hanak reports that he receives $3,060 monthly salary from American Family Ministries.201 American Family Ministries is not registered with the Department of State, Bureau of Charitable Organizations.

American Family Ministries literature focuses on fighting against pornography and gaining political power. An undated letter describes work done in support of the 1994 primary election campaign of Representative Joe Pitts. "During the campaign," Hanak writes, "Polly and I played an important part - working with the various precinct workers, airing an interview with Joe on Studio 7, our public access TV talk show, encouraging people to vote for Joe, and helping with various campaign activities." 202
    In November 1994, Hanak joined with Peter Vroon, then president of the Pennsylvania Christian Coalition, Kathy Bond, head of the Chester County Pro-Life Coalition, former Phoenixville mayor Michael Basca and the mayor of Honey Brook, Bonnie Gerig, in an organized attempt to gain control of the county Republican Party by fielding their own slate of candidates for county and party positions. 203

continue...